Psychosexual disorder

What happens to a gay man in the barracks?

Source: Ulaş Gürpınar, “Bir eşcinselin başına kışlada neler gelir?” (“What happens to a gay man in the barracks?”) Agos, 19 August 2013, http://www.agos.com.tr/haber.php?seo=bir-escinselin-basina-kislada-neler-gelir&haberid=5557

Military service is defined as “service to the homeland.” The treatment that homosexual men are deemed worthy of in the process that leads to the bestowing of their “unfit to serve in the military” report tramples on the most basic of human rights. The ruling Justice and Development Party (AKP), the Republican People’s Party (CHP) and the Nationalist Movement Party (MHP) continue their resistance against “protecting the rights of homosexuals” in the New Constitutional Reconciliation Commission. In the meantime, a homosexual man’s (Ü.G.) experiences, hard even to read, bluntly demonstrate why there is a need for constitutional protection.

We have had numerous opportunities to read about the process through which homosexual men in Turkey (do not) get recruited for military service. There are multiple instances when photos during sexual intercourse were required as “proof” of homosexuality and videos were requested upon the decision that the photos were “insufficient” due to various reasons. Then again, there are men who have been unable to prove their homosexuality to the army and were thus forced to serve in the military.

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In the end, football is not only football!

Source: İpek İzci, “Neticede futbol sadece futbol değil!” (“In the end, football is not only football!”) Radikal, 28 December 2013, http://kitap.radikal.com.tr/Makale/neticede-futbol-sadece-futbol-degil-389256

The book When Manhood Falls Offside is the story of Halil İbrahim Dinçdağ who lost his job as a referee because of his homosexual identity.

At the beginning of 2009, Trabzon District Referee Board asked me to provide certification regarding my mandatory military service requirement. The phrase “received a report for unfit to serve in the military” was written in my letter. I submitted the letter to the federation and continued my job as a referee for the next two months.  One day when I was getting ready to go to practice, I received a phone call from the person who is responsible for referee reassignments. He said, “Halil İbrahim, because you did not complete your military service, you cannot work as a referee.”

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The Case of Halil İbrahim Dinçdağ: Discrimination in Employment

Source: Sosyal Politikalar, Cinsiyet Kimliği ve Cinsel Yönelim Çalışmaları Derneği. (Social Policies, Gender Identity, and Sexual Orientation Studies Association) LGBT Hak İhlalleri: Emsal Dava Analizleri (The Rights Violations Against LGBT People: Selected Case Analyses.) Istanbul: Punto Baskı Çözümleri, 2013. Available at: http://www.spod.org.tr/turkce/wp-content/uploads/2013/08/emsal-dava-analizleri-son1.pdf                                                        

Subject of Investigation

The stages of the case and whether these stages have been conducted according to the law and justice.

Scope of Investigation

Istanbul 20th Civil Court of First Instance File No: 2010/399 E.

Procedures of Investigation

Halil İbrahim Dinçdağ was working as a football referee for 14 years as the Trabzon District Referee with license number 13117. He was performing the duties of his job in the 2008-2009 football season when the event occurred. Dinçdağ was shipped to the military on 13.10.2008 and took a break from his job. He was discharged for being unfit for military service on 28.01.2009.

Halil İbrahim Dinçdağ’s “unfit to serve in the military” report from the Gülhane Military Medical Academy (GATA) and his homosexuality was used as the reason for expelling him from the profession in 2009 when his referee license was taken from him. Furthermore, his identity and sexual orientation were revealed in a way that is against the law.

The process of the  “unfit to serve in the military” report:

On 16.08.2008, Halil İbrahim Dinçdağ applied to the Sivas Military Hospital Psychiatry Department and was treated as an in-patient there until 21.10.2008. On 21.10.2009, the hospital diagnosed Dinçdağ with “Depressive Disorder” and gave him a month sick leave. On 13.11.2008, Dinçdağ was shipped to the GATA Chief Doctor by the Trabzon Military Branch Presidency and was charged with the “crime of violation of sick leave” when he did not join his division. On 29.12.2008, Dinçdağ joined his division on his own.

On 06.01.2009, Halil İbrahim Dinçdağ reapplied to the Sivas Military Hospital Psychiatry Department and was an in-patient until 15.01.2009. He was diagnosed with “Psychosexual Disorder” and shipped to the GATA Psychiatry Department Presidency. The health board stated in their report that from 28.01.2009 on Dinçdağ will be considered unfit to serve in the military but is fit to serve in the crime period of 22.11.2008- 29.12.2008.” In virtue of this report, on 06.04.2009 the Military Prosecutor of the Land Forces Command’s Sivas Fifth Training Brigade Command issued an indictment against Dinçdağ regarding “Violation of Sick Leave” and asked for him to be punished.

The investigation initiated by the military prosecutor began on 29.12.2010 and the Military Court of Appeals decided that Dinçdağ should get a ‘new unfit to serve’ report from GATA and resolve the deficiencies in the investigation, thereby overturning Decision No: 2010/2345 K with 2010/2356 E. However, on 19.04.2011 the Military Court of the Land Forces Command’s Sivas Fifth Training Brigade Command continued the hearings and Dinçdağ was shipped to the Kasımpaşa Military Hospital on 22.07.2011.

On 03.08.2011, the Kasımpaşa Military Hospital issued a report that Halil İbrahim Dinçdağ was unfit to serve in the military from 15.10.2008, when he started his military service, onwards. After this report, on 21.02.2012, the Military Court of the Land Forces Command’s Sivas Fifth Training Brigade Command ruled to acquit Halil İbrahim Dinçdağ.

Period before the suit and the material facts that caused the suit:

Halil İbrahim Dinçdağ went back to his work as District Referee after his “unfit to serve in the military report.” When the District Referee Board asked him to present the document that states he no longer has any attachments to the military, Dinçdağ applied to the Trabzon Military Branch. On 10.02.2009, the document, which includes the sentence “though no objection is present in terms of military processes, the obligant received an unfit to serve report on 28.01.2009”, was submitted to the District Referee Board.

After the report was submitted to the District Referee Board, Dinçdağ continued to serve as the district referee for 2.5 months and refereed the Trabzon Sports- Konak Municipality Women’s First League match on 01.03.2009. However, later Muhammet Öncü, a member of the District Referee Board, talked to Dinçdağ alone and told him that he will not be assigned any more matches and asked him to leave the referee profession.

After, Halil İbrahim Dinçdağ talked with Central Referee Regional Officer Tugay Güdü and explained the situation in detail. Dinçdağ told him that the reason why he was unfit to serve in the military was not because of a health reason, rather the report was for his sexual orientation making him exempt from military service. Tugay Güdü told him that he will discuss the situation with Central Referee Board and then later stated that he talked to the Board and that Dinçdağ can perform his duties as a referee with no problems. With this decision, Halil İbrahim Dinçdağ went back to joining trainings and educational workshops and was invited to the FUTSAL Referee Course in Istanbul and received his FUTSAL Referee Certificate.

Despite the circumstances, the District Referee Board stopped assigning matches to Dinçdağ. Dinçdağ talked to Tugay Güdü again who asked for his report. This report was reviewed by another member of the District Referee Board on the orders of a Central Referee Board member. After consulting doctors, Dinçdağ, Güdü, and the District Referee Board were told that the “psychosexual disorder” stated in the report is not a health problem. Yet despite all of this, the District Referee Board continued to not assign matches to Dinçdağ.

After every [football] season across Turkey, exams are conducted for District Referees and these exams shed light on the next season’s evaluations. Halil İbrahim Dinçdağ went to Trabzon Söğütlü Athletics Venue on 04.05.2009 to take the athletics test but was notified he could no longer serve as a referee and will therefore not be admitted to the exam. This notification came from a document dated 29.04.2009 which signed by the Central Referee Board and sent by the District Referee Board. The Central Referee Board rapporteur Osman Avcı signed this document. The document states that Dinçdağ was dismissed from the profession according to Article 25 of the Turkish Football Federation’s Central Referee Board’s Internal Directives on Entry Title Qualifications, License Renewals, Rules, Principles, and Regulations, which states, “People exempted from the military because of health problems cannot work as referee.” This was based on the Turkish General Staff Ankara Gülhane Medical Academy’s report that states, “unfit to serve in the military.” On 11.05.2009, Dinçdağ submitted his written objection to the Turkish Football Federation.

After this objection, on 13.05.2009 sports newspaper Fanatik columnist Hakan Can published an article entitled, “Gay Referee Want His Whistle Back.” On 14.05.2009, many news agencies, with the knowledge that the article referred to him, called Halil İbrahim Dinçdağ and asked for interviews. Dinçdağ insisted that it was not him but on 15.05.2009, Fatih Altaylı included the expression, “Trabzon District Referee H.İ.D.” in his column thereby making Halil İbrahim Dinçdağ’s private life was known to all from that moment on.

On 15.05.2009 the Turkish Football Federation made a statement about the issue on its website (www.tff.org.tr) and announced its amendment of internal directives, “People exempted from the military for reasons other than health problems can serve as referees. But there was no response to Dinçdağ’s objection from 11.05.2009.

The Central Referee Board stated that all the District Referees who failed the exam could take a new exam and that Halil İbrahim Dinçdağ could also benefit from this right. When Dinçdağ asked them if he will be given the right to qualification levels, they told him that it was not possible that year. Their reasoning was the “age limit.”

  • Article 10/a of the Turkish Football Federation’s Central Referee Board’s Internal Directives on Entry Title Divisions, License Renewals, Rules, Principles, and Regulations puts the age limit at 33.
  • Article 10/b states that the referee must work continuously as a District Referee for 2 football seasons (excluding excused times) and referee at least 20 official amateur games.

Even though Dinçdağ fulfilled these conditions- he was 33 and had been working as a referee for fourteen years- the TFF terminated Dinçdağ’s employment as a referee due to discriminatory practices.

Before the court procedures, Halil İbrahim Dinçdağ petitioned the Turkish Football Federation on 01.11.2009 though his lawyer Yusuf Murat Söylemez. The document stated an objection to the decision that he could not serve as a referee, that the processes were illegal, that he was receiving an unjust treatment and demanded his rights to be reinstated. The Turkish Football Federation sent a response dated 17.11.2009, which stated “Halil İbrahim Dinçdağ is not employed because he did not get his license and he did not fulfill his right to the Athletic Test Run and Excuse as stated in the 23-2009/664-4664 District Referee Board Presidency letter from June 2009.” The same document stated that they were not informed about the 11.06.2009 petition or it being leaked to the public and there were no inquiries with the Turkish Football Federation about this issue.

Halil İbrahim Dinçdağ’s lawyer Yusuf Murat Söylemez responded to TFF’s comments on 03.02.2010. This petition stated;

  • The Central Referee Board’s letter from 04.05.2009 stated that Halil İbrahim Dinçdağ cannot serve as a referee because of an “unfit to serve in the military” report,
  • The report is not because of a health reason,
  • Dinçdağ is subjected to this treatment because of his sexual orientation,
  • The Athletic Run and Right to Excuse are being used as excuses,
  • This treatment is against Article 10 of the Constitution,
  • It is discrimination based on sexual orientation, which is against Article 14 of the European Convention on Human Rights (prohibiton of discrimination),
  • It is discrimination based on sexual orientation, which is against Article 8 of the European Convention on Human Rights (right to respect for private and family life) ,
  • The objection should be accepted.

The Trial Processes:

On 05.11.2010, a suit, File No: 2010/399 E, was filed at the Sarıyer Second Court of First Instance. The suit was filed against the Turkish Football Federation with a demand of 10,000.00 TL material damages and 10,000.00 TL damages for mental anguish. The trial petition stated arguments of discrimination and listed the above-mentioned points.

The response petition by the Turkish Football Federation stated;

  • Sexual disposition (meaning orientation) was not an issue in job assignments,
  • The TFF acts objectively without regarding differences such as language, religion, race or gender,
  • The Central Referee Board decided that he cannot be employed in matches based on Article 25 of the Turkish Football Federation’s Central Referee Board’s Internal Directives on Entry Title Qualifications, License Renewals, Rules, Principles, and Regulations which states, “People exempted from the military because of health problems cannot work as referees,”
  • This article was changed on 15.05.2009 with an announcement to “People exempted from the military for reasons other than health problems can serve as referees.
  • The TFF believed that there was no problem with Halil İbrahim Dinçdağ  serving as a referee,
  • Halil İbrahim Dinçdağ did not take the tests for District Referees in 2009 or in 2010-2011.
  • This behavior stands in contrast to internal directives and he therefore will not been given any refereeing positions,
  • The plaintiff Halil İbrahim Dinçdağ has caused these problems with his own actions.

In the 1st hearing on 22.02.2011, the court took Halil İbrahim Dinçdağ’s information. Halil İbrahim Dinçdağ stated that he worked as a presenter for a Radio-TV program and that he was not given any employment after the press revealed his situation. The hearing was postponed until 31.05.2011.

At this stage, Halil İbrahim Dinçdağ’s lawyer Fırat Söyle presented the evidence list. At the same time, the defendant TFF’s response petition was answered with a response (replication) petition.

In the 2nd hearing on 31.05.2011, Halil İbrahim Dinçdağ’s social and economic situation was investigated. A warrant was written to the TFF Central Referee Board to demand the approved original letter dated 24.04.2009 from the Trabzon District Referee Board to the Central Referee Board regarding the plaintiff. The hearing was postponed until 20.10.2011.

At this point, Mustafa Başkan, Kadir Terzi, and Dursun Kemal Karacan came forward as witnesses for Halil İbrahim Dinçdağ.

In the 3rd hearing on 20.10.2011, the witnesses of the plaintiff were heard. Witness Dursun Kemal Karacan stated that he “knows Halil İbrahim Dinçdağ like a brother, after the press revealed the situation, Halil İbrahim Dinçdağ had to move to Istanbul and stay with me.” Furthermore he stated, “he was very upset about the news in the media, he was crushed, he was not given any responsibilities by the TFF after the news, he was suffering financially, he could not get any jobs after the news, he got by with help from relatives and friends.” The warrant to the Trabzon District Referee Board issued in the previous hearing was not answered and another warrant was demanded. At the same time, the statement of plaintiff witness Kadir Terzi was filed in the Trabzon Second Court of First Instance Letter Rogatory File 2011/42. Kadir Yılmaz stated, “Since his military report was leaked to the press, Halil İbrahim Dinçdağ has not been able to serve, his psychology has been disturbed, he has had financial and spiritual trouble, he has been ostracized from many places, humiliated and insulted.” The hearing was postponed until 07.02.2012.

In the 4th hearing on 07.02.2012, witnesses of the defendant were summoned. The hearing was postponed until 05.06.2012.

Meanwhile, the witness testimony of Turgay Güdü for the defendant TFF was taken at the Trabzon Second Court of First Instance Letter Rogatory File 2011/65. Turgay Güdü stated that:

  • He served on the Central Referee Board in 2008,
  • There was an instruction from the previous board that those who did not complete their military service could not serve as referees,
  • Each April, referees were put through performance evaluations,
  • Halil İbrahim Dinçdağ was a draft-dodger during that time,
  • This procedure was applied to him based on a 01.11.2006 letter from the Military Branch that stated Dinçdağ to be a draft-dodger,
  • This letter arrived on 03.04.2007,
  • Because Dinçdağ did not fulfill the requirements and the procedures regarding service the regulations relating to the inability to serve as a referee were therefore applied,
  • Halil İbrahim Dinçdağ’s psychology report from the Sivas Military Hospital had the “depressive diagnosis,”
  • The “unfit to serve in the military” report later stated that he had a “psychosexual disorder,”
  • With this report, the lawyers of the federation decided that Halil İbrahim Dinçdağ could not serve as a referee,
  • Halil İbrahim Dinçdağ was notified of this decision.

The witness testimony of Yusuf Yaylalı for the defendant TFF was also taken. Yusuf Yaylalı stated that:

  • He is a retired referee and worked as the President of the Trabzon Referee Commission when the events took place,
  • The instructions stated that those who are unfit for the military service could not serve as referees,
  • This instruction was later reorganized,
  • Halil İbrahim Dinçdağ was contacted via several methods but despite the written notifications, he did not submit the necessary documents and reports to continue refereeing,
  • This is why he did not join the courses,
  • The federation did not have a procedure on not allowing him to referee because of his sexual orientation,
  • This situation did not prevent him from refereeing.

In the 5th hearing on 05.06.2012, Mustafa Başkan, a witness of the defendant, waived his witness testimony. In this hearing, it was stated that the unfit to serve in the military report was sent to the TFF by Halil İbrahim Dinçdağ, this document was leaked to the press after this, this leak was not and could not have been caused by Halil İbrahim Dinçdağ. Furthermore, it was stated that Halil İbrahim Dinçdağ could not take the tests because there were no notifications telling him that he could take the tests, and that he used to serve in 4-5 matches each week in the district before the report was submitted. The court decided to issue a warrant to the TFF regarding the matches Halil İbrahim Dinçdağ served on previously and to investigate Halil İbrahim Dinçdağ’s social and economic situation. The hearing was postponed until 16.10.2012.

In this period, the warrant to the TFF was answered and stated that Halil İbrahim Dinçdağ did not serve in any matches between 23.07.2008 and 20.08.2008.

Halil İbrahim Dinçdağ’s lawyer Fırat Söyle objected this to document. Söyle stated that the document was insufficient, that Halil İbrahim Dinçdağ could not participate in matches because he was in the category of soldier between 13.10.2008 and 28.01.2009, that he could join a limited amount of matches in 2008-2009 because of military procedures, and that he was not given any matches after he was excused from the military.

In the 6th hearing on 16.10.2012, an expert report was requested. The hearing was postponed until 19.02.2013.

At this point, lawyer Olcay Yezdani who is a member of the Association for Supporting Contemporary Life Headquarters Administrative Board and a representative of the District Human Rights Board submitted an evaluation. This evaluation stated that, after Halil İbrahim Dinçdağ submitted his “unfit to serve in the military” report, the referee board rapporteur at the time was Osman Avcı, who wrote a letter on 29.04.2009 that did not allow Halil İbrahim Dinçdağ to take his exams, eradicated his chances to become a professional referee, and violated Dinçdağ’s rights by leaking his sexual orientation to the press.

In the 7th hearing on 19.02.2013, this report was added to the file. It was demanded that the report be passed on to the expert and the hearing was postponed until 21.05.2013.

Conclusions on the Investigation and Observations:

The Turkish Football Federation’s decision was clearly a homophobic one. The internal directives clearly state that those who are exempted from the military because of “health problems” cannot serve as referees. But Halil İbrahim Dinçdağ consciously chose to be exempted from the military because of his sexual orientation. It is a known fact that homosexuality as a sexual orientation is not a disease. Furthermore, there is an ethical problem in requiring that people who are unfit to serve in the military due to health reasons are barred from serving as referees. The requirements to serve in the military and as a referee are not the same.

What we see in the actual events is not a coincidence; it proves that “male homosexuality” has no place in a male dominated sector. Halil İbrahim Dinçdağ’s experience shows that discrimination and homophobic attitudes continue in the TFF and many other places. With the latest developments, we hope that the decision will result in Halil İbrahim Dinçdağ’s favor.

Lawyer Türker VATANSEVER

A SOCIAL ANALYSIS OF THE HALİL İBRAHİM DİNÇDAĞ CASE

Halil İbrahim Dinçdağ is a homosexual individual who has been serving as a football referee for 14 years. His life was turned upside down when someone leaked his sexual orientation to the press. But, even before this, the material causes that constitute the foundation of the suit against the Turkish Football Federation took place when his unfit to serve in the military report affected his professional life. A two-fold analysis is necessary for this case. The first consideration is of the Military Law and the relevant directives that evaluate homosexuality as a disease and its social reflections. The second is discrimination in work life or more specifically refusing to employ someone based on the person’s sexual orientation and gender identity, and terminating someone’s employment based on the person’s sexual orientation and gender identity.

Serving in the military is an important phenomenon in the patriarchal Turkish society. Though parts of society have recently started questioning it, military service is a precondition even in marriage, especially in Anatolia. This is also relevant in employment. Many businesses look for male candidates who have fulfilled their military services. The main reason for this is to avoid sending employees to long military services. An official document stating that the employee has no attachments to the military is requested. The problem in the Halil İbrahim Dinçdağ case starts here. The human resources department of a business investigte in depth when the document reveals exemption from the military because this report posits that the person has a serious physical or psychological health problem. If the person has a serious sickness, it can prevent their employment. The Military Law’s relevant articles deem homosexual orientations as a “psychosexual disorder” and exempt the person from the military. The problem here is that the state deems homosexuality a “sickness” within the military and this label on an official document follows the person throughout his life. We have all witnessed that the unfit to serve report is not sufficient on its own and the reasoning behind it is sought. The category “psychosexual behavioral disorder” includes homosexuality and all sexual anomalies that could be considered “sexual deviance.”

Halil İbrahim Dinçdağ’s main problem with the Football Federation’s Central Referee Board stems from this report. The Board investigated Dinçdağ’s willing exemption from the military and the report and in the process, discovered that a referee within their midst is a homosexual. Here is a dilemma that concerns all gay individuals. On the one hand, the organized gay movement carries an antimilitarist identity; no gay man wants to go to the military and fights for the right to conscientious objection. On the other hand, the only way for gay men to be exempted from the military is to unwillingly accept to label their sexual orientation as a “psychosexual behavioral disorder” and to accept the perception of their orientation as a sickness. In this way, gay individuals are cornered by the state. Every time the proposition “homosexuality is not a sickness” is put forward; the state will invite all gay men to the military. When seen from this perspective, if military service  continues to be mandatory, constitutional and legal regulations on conscientious objection must be urgently fulfilled.

The second aspect of the Halil İbrahim Dinçdağ case is that Dinçdağ has faced discrimination based on his sexual orientation within employment laws. The Federation’s Central Referee Board dismissed the referee when his sexual orientation became public. As the case documents reveal, the Football Federation amended its internal directive of “individuals who did not complete their military service because of being unfit to serve cannot serve as referees” but made sure the changes did not apply to Dinçdağ, who was the reason for the amendment. He was not notified of tests that were mandatory, he was excluded from matches, and all steps necessary to ostracize him from the community were taken adeptly. All of these stand in contrast to Article 14 of the European Convention on Human Rights.

The question that needs to be asked is this: what are the barriers people face in continuing their profession once their sexual orientation are revealed to the public? Though no legal impediments are visible, what are the reasons for the Federation to bar Dinçdağ? Most probably, the Central Referee Board contended that a gay referee could not be a part of a mostly heterosexist sport. They may have worried that the referee’s sexual orientation would be discussed at the end of matches where homosexuality is used as humiliation. However, the Board members are affected by similar fears and paranoia engrained in all branches of the state, just like the military is afraid that homosexuals would seduce heterosexual soldiers and disrupt military order and therefore exempt gay men from the military service.

We do not think the military or the Federation is capable of understanding the conditions of the changing world and of Turkey. Despite all the prejudices, when the comments on news websites at the time of the publication of Dinçdağ’s sexual orientation are viewed, the low number of negative remarks and the high number of supportive messages is clear. This society’s Internet users think that a referee’s management of the match is more important than his sexual orientation, as is the general trend in all things related to homosexuality.  Therefore, society is not interested in the private life of a person when they properly execute their profession. Mainstream media that tried to score points by creating sensational materials did not succeed in polarizing society. We will analyze the situation of the Football Federation after the judicial decision.

Lawyer Evren ÖZEN

Halil İbrahim Dinçdağ’s Press Statement at the Grand National Assembly of Turkey

Halil İbrahim Dinçdağ was working as a football referee in Trabzon, Turkey for 14 years. After many ordeals in the military system, he finally got his “unfit to serve in the military” report based on his sexual orientation. The Turkish Military deems homosexuality a “psychosexual disorder.” He submitted this report to the Turkish Football Federation in Febraury 2009. This report was leaked to the press and his sexual orientation was outed. From that moment on, he was no longer assigned matches, barred from exams, and targeted by homophobia. In November 2010, Dinçdağ filed a suit against the Turkish Football Federation for the violation of his right to privacy and discrimination in employment based on sexual orientation. The 10th hearing of the case will be heard on 10 December 2013 on Human Rights Day.

Dinçdağ explained the process and the rights violations in a press statement with Republican People’s Party MP Melda Onur. Please turn the captions on for English subtitles.